Embedding JavaDL expressions and functions into JML expressions¶

Mattias Ulbrich, 2011-08-31

Currently, JML is the standard specification for KeY (JML★ more precisely). Though it is still possible to specify JavaDL-contracts in .key files, the formalism with model fields, ghost state etc. is really centered on JML.

The KeY implementation is a bit inert when it comes to extending the JML syntax. However, often we want to quickly assess a new axiomatisation and want to use it in the code directly.

An extension of the parser provides us with this possibility now.

DL expressions in JML¶

In JML declarative specifications (i.e., anywhere but in set statements), we can write JavaDL expressions if they are embedded into "(* *)". This notation is JML-speak for a natural-language-constraint. We use it for JavaDL expressions.

This is helpful if syntactical concepts like binding function symbols, new sorts, ... need to be mentioned in specifications.

Example:

class A {
int a;
int b;
/*@ invariant (* a = javaAddInt(b, 1) *); */
/*@ invariant a == (* javaAddInt(b, 1) *); */
/*@ invariant a == b + 1; */
}


All three invariants have identical meaning.

In all JML specifications (also in set statements), function symbols known in JavaDL can be used in JML if the name is prefixed with \dl_.

For instance, consider

   \functions {
int foo(int);
int bar;
}


we can now refer to the term foo(5) from within JML using \dl_foo(5). The term bar must, however, for technical reasons be succeeded by (), i.e., \dl_bar() This works for predicate symbols, too.

If the first argument of the symbol is of type Heap and the number of actual parameters is smaller than number of formal parameters, the program variable "heap" (the current heap) is implicitly added as first parameter. Example:

In KeY:

\functions { Seq arr2seq(Heap, Object) }


In JML (e.g.):

//@ ensures arr2seq(arrayObject) == \emptySeq;

equivalent to

//@ ensures arr2seq(\dl_heap(), arrayObject) == \emptySeq;


Limitations¶

• There is no sensible error message if a ill-typed term is used in a set statement.
• The types supported in JML seems to be hardcoded, and cannot be easily extended.
• Error messages might mislead and could potentially not point to the right spot in the sources.